A disease determinant includes direct causes and risk factors such as genetic and environmental factors.

• A. True
• B. False
• C. Sometimes
• D. Not Applicable

Answer: (A)

Determinants of disease are factors that influence whether disease occurs and who is affected. They include direct causes—immediate biological triggers like a pathogen or toxin—and risk factors—conditions that increase the likelihood of disease without being the direct cause. Genetic factors can shape susceptibility, and environmental factors such as exposures, living conditions, and lifestyle can modify risk. Therefore, a disease determinant can encompass both direct causes and risk factors, including genetic and environmental ones. For example, a pathogen acts as a direct cause of an infection, while age, smoking, or genetic predisposition can raise the probability of developing related diseases.